【《英语定语从句用法详解》】在英语语法中,定语从句是一个非常重要的知识点,它不仅丰富了句子的表达方式,还能让语言更加准确和自然。掌握定语从句的用法,对于提高英语写作和口语表达能力具有重要意义。
一、什么是定语从句?
定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用的从句,用来修饰先行词(即被从句所修饰的名词或代词)。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,如 who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why 等。例如:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。)
在这个句子中,“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句,修饰先行词“the book”。
二、关系代词与关系副词的使用
1. 关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that
- who:指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- The man who is standing there is my teacher.
- whom:指人,在从句中作宾语。
- The girl whom you met yesterday is my sister.
- whose:表示所属关系,可以指人或物。
- The boy whose bag was stolen is in the hospital.
- which:指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- The car which is parked outside is mine.
- that:既可指人也可指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- The woman that is talking to the teacher is my mother.
2. 关系副词:when, where, why
- when:表示时间,在从句中作时间状语。
- I still remember the day when we first met.
- where:表示地点,在从句中作地点状语。
- This is the house where I grew up.
- why:表示原因,在从句中作原因状语。
- Do you know the reason why he left?
三、定语从句的分类
根据从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可以分为两种类型:
1. 限制性定语从句:对先行词进行限定,不能省略,否则句子意思不完整。
- The man who is wearing a red hat is my uncle.
(如果去掉“who is wearing a red hat”,句子就变成“The man is my uncle”,信息就不完整。)
2. 非限制性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,可以省略,不影响句子的基本含义。
- My brother, who lives in Shanghai, is coming to visit me.
(即使去掉“who lives in Shanghai”,句子仍然成立:“My brother is coming to visit me。”)
四、注意事项
1. 在非限制性定语从句中,不能使用 that,只能用 which 或 who。
- 错误:My brother, that lives in Shanghai, is coming.
- 正确:My brother, who lives in Shanghai, is coming.
2. 当先行词是 all, everything, nothing, something 等不定代词时,通常使用 that 引导定语从句。
- Everything that he said was true.
3. 在介词后使用关系代词时,通常用 which 或 whom,而不是 that。
- The book about which I told you is very popular.
五、总结
定语从句是英语学习中不可忽视的一部分,正确使用它可以增强句子的逻辑性和表达力。通过理解关系代词和关系副词的用法,区分限制性与非限制性从句,并注意一些常见错误,能够帮助我们更准确地运用定语从句,提升整体的语言水平。希望本文能为大家提供清晰的指导,助力英语学习之路。